Labor Center


Working Women


Labor Center Reports

Working Women Overview

Working Women Resources



Working Women Resources

Know Your Rights Resources

Women's Labor History Guides

Recommended Articles and Reports

Films and Videos

Online Databases

Websites

Extended Bibliography



 Know Your Rights Resources

9 to 5 – National Association of Working Women
http://www.sexharassment.net/law.htm
Website includes extensive information on the legal issues related to sexual harassment and gender discrimination.

Equal Rights Advocates
http://www.equalrights.org/know/index.htm
ERA provides accessible resources guides on a variety of topics, including:  Sex Discrimination, Sexual Harassment, Family and Medical Leave& Pregnancy Discrimination, Temporary Employees, Private Household Workers, and Tradeswomen.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
http://www.eeoc.gov/
The EEOC is the federal agency responsible for enforcing employment discrimination law.  Websites provides information on rights and ways of responding to violations.



 Women's Labor History Guides

American Federation of State, Local and County Municipal Employees (AFSCME)
http://www.afscme.org/otherlnk/whlinks.htm
AFSCME has produced an excellent portal to articles on women's labor history with sections on key organizations, leaders, stories, and industries, and including a song history and links to other sources.

Tamiment Institute Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
http://www.nyu.edu/library/bobst/research/tam
The archives located at New York University focus on women who have worked for wages in industrial, clerical, and service work and the professions in the United States. This website provides a guide to archives, which includes: manuscripts, periodicals, biographies, memoirs, oral histories, union publications, pictures, and more.

Women Workers and the Labor Movement
http://www.boondocksnet.com/labor/history/labor_history_women.html
The Bread and Roses section of the BoondocksNet website is a useful resource of articles on women's labor history.

Women in the Workforce
http://www.inform.umd.edu/EdRes/Topic/WomensStudies/
GenderIssues/WomenInWorkforce/

A useful collection of documents covering the topic of women and work from the University of Maryland women's studies program.

Women in UNITE's History
http://www.uniteunion.org/research/history/womeninunite.html
A brief online history of women leaders in the UNITE, the U.S. based union that represents workers in the apparel and related industries.



 Recommended Articles and Reports

Findings from the Ask a Working Woman - Survey 2002
http://www.aflcio.org/yourjobeconomy/women/upload/aaww.pdf
By the AFL-CIO

The Status of Women in the United States
http://www.iwpr.org/states2002/pdfs/US.pdf
Edited by Amy B. Caiazza, 2002, Institute for Women's Policy Research

The Gender Gap in Pension Coverage: What Does the Future Hold?
http://www.iwpr.org/pdf/d447.pdf
By Lois Shaw and Catherine Hill, 2002, Institute for Women's Policy Research

"Women in the Labor Force"
http://www.anb.org/cush_wlabor.html
By Jeanne Boydston, 2001

"Black Women in the Labor Force"
http://www.rcgd.isr.umich.edu/prba/perspectives/fall1999/ajames.pdf
By Angela James, 1999



 Films and Videos

We Were There! is a multi-media women's labor history project featuring voices, songs, and slides depicting our sisters' struggles from the abolitionist Sojourner Truth, fighting for women's rights to Dolores Huerta fighting with the farm workers of today. http://www.people.umass.edu/kumna/client-homepage/

Elizabeth Gurley Flynn: The Rebel Girl. Produced and directed by Leah Siegel. New York: New York University, 1993.

The Emerging Woman. By Roberta Haber, Lorraine Gray, Melanie Moholick, Helena Solberg-Ladd; a Women's Film Project production. New York: Women's Film Project; Cinema Guild [distributor], 1974

Fast Food Women. By Anne Lewis Johnson; [produced by] Headwaters. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop Film & Video, 1991

Free Voice of Labor—The Jewish Anarchists. Produced/directed by Steven Fischler and Joel Sucher. New York: Pacific Street Films; Cinema Guild [distributor], 1980.

Heaven Will Protect the Working Girl. An American Social History Production. Directed by Pennee Bender, Joshua Brown, Andrea Ades V'asquez; producer/art director/script, Joshua Brown. Ho-Ho-Kus, NJ: American Social History Film Library, 1993.

The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter. Produced and directed by Connie Field. Los Angeles: Direct Cinema, 1980.

Salt of the Earth. Los Angeles, Calif.: Voyager Press, 1985[?], ©1953.

Sewing Our Future. A Presentation of We Do the Work. Produced by Patrice O'Neill, Rhian Miller. Oakland: California Working, 1993.

Sticking to the Union: Life of an ACWA Organizer, Louise Gugino Shanberg. A Film by Susan Bolles. New York: Bolles Productions, 1988.

There's No Such Thing as Women's Work. United States Women's Bureau, Division of Information and Publications. Produced by United States Department of Labor, Division of Audiovisual Communication Services; distributed by National Women's History Project, 1987.

Union Maids. A film by Julia Reichert, James Klein and Miles Mogulescu. Wayne, NJ: New Day Films, 1976.

The Willmar 8. California Newsreel; produced by Julie Thomson and Mary Beth Yarrow; directed by Lee Grant. San Francisco: California Newsreel, 1986[?], ©1980.

The Women of Summer: The Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers, 1921-1938. Produced and directed by Suzanne Bauman. New York: Women of Summer, Inc.; Filmakers Library [distributor], 1985.

Coalmining Women. An Appalshop production; by Elizabeth Barret. Whitesburg, KY: Appalshop Films, 1982.



 Online Databases

U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics
http://www.bls.gov/

Statistics and Data collected by Department of Labor Women's Bureau
http://www.dol.gov/wb/



 Websites

AFL-CIO
http://www.aflcio.org/yourjobeconomy/women/
The website of the U.S. umbrella union federation includes background information on women workers' issues, including fact sheets, interactive databases, online videos, and opportunities to take action on current political debates.

California Labor Federation
http://www.calaborfed.org/resources/
The California AFL-CIO recently helped a establish history legislation for paid family leave. Website includes news and updates on this and other campaigns.

Coalition of Labor Union Women
http://www.cluw.org/
CLUW is a national organization of 75 chapters and 20,000 members that works to unify all union women to identify common work related problems and advance campaigns for social change. Website includes information on upcoming events, local chapters, and programs. Health fact sheets and workplace resources are also available.

Equal Rights Advocates
http://www.equalrights.org/
Equal Rights Advocates is dedicated to protecting equal rights and economic opportunities for women and girls through litigation and advocacy. Websites includes several resources on rights in the workplace, publications, and information on current projects.

Institute for Women's Policy Research
http://www.iwpr.org/
A public policy research organization dedicated to stimulating debate on public policy issues of critical importance to women and their families. Website contains research reports on work and family, poverty and welfare, and other relevant issues.

Labor Project for Working Families
http://www.laborproject.org
LPWW works with unions to develop workplace policies for families through collective bargaining and public policy. Program areas include work and family issues include child care, elder care, family leave, flexible work schedules, mandatory overtime and more.

Ms. Foundation
http://www.ms.foundation.org/wmspage.cfm?parm1=15
Ms. Foundation is a national organization that is involved in grantmaking, training, and public education strategies to create and improve economic opportunities for women. The section on economic security includes resources for working women.

National Committee on Pay Equity
http://www.pay-equity.org/
A national coalition of 180 organizations, NCPE works to eliminate sex- and race-based wage discrimination, and to achieve pay equity. Website includes publications, fact sheets, legislative issues are included.

National Council of Negro Women
http://www.ncnw.org/
NCNW's mission is to advance opportunities and the quality of life for African American women, their families and their communities. Website is currently under construction.

National Organization for Women
http://www.now.org/issues/wfw/index.html
NOW's Women-Friendly Workplace Campaign homepage includes information updates, campaign kits, and research reports.

Nine to Five, National Association of Working Women
http://www.sexharassment.net/
A national, grassroots membership organization that strengthens women's ability to work for economic justice. Website includes fact sheets, glossary of legal terms, action alerts, job survival tips, speaker's bureau, and resources for journalists.

Legal Momentum
http://www.legalmomentum.org/index.shtml
Legal Momentum, formerly the NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund, works through litigation, education, and public information programs. Website contains information on violence, poverty, childcare, immigration, and other workplace issues.

National Partnership for Women and Families
http://www.nationalpartnership.org/
The National Partnership uses public education and advocacy to promote fairness in the workplace, quality health care and policies that help women and men meet the dual demands of work and family. Website includes publications, extensive coverage of relevant issues and current news updates.

National Women's Law Center
http://www.nwlc.org/
The National Women's Law Center uses works to advance women's rights causes through research, monitoring and analysis of public policy, litigation, advocacy, coalition-building, and public education. Website provides information on current issues, action alerts, and publications.

Non-traditional Employment for Women (NEW)
http://www.new-nyc.org/
Based in New York City, NEW provides an integrated program of occupational skills and fitness training, job readiness, counseling and case management, and job placement services in occupations in which women are underrepresented. The organization also provide national advocacy and technical assistance services to labor unions, employers, nonprofit organizations, and government. Website includes information on current programs, FAQ's, and important resources.

Tradeswomen Now and Tomorrow
http://www.tradeswomennow.org
TNT is a national coalition of tradeswomen's organizations and advocates that works to increase the number of women in trade and technical jobs and by improving their working conditions. The website is currently under construction, but provides contact and membership information.

Federally Employed Women
http://few.org/
A national organization dedicated to eliminating discrimination based on sex and improving employment opportunities for women in the Federal government. Program area include: legislative, training, compliance, and diversity. Website provides information on current programs and advocacy, publications, employment opportunities, and legislative updates.

Women's Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor
http://www.dol.gov/wb/welcome.html
The Women's Bureau promotes positive employment opportunities for women, provides employer with guidance, and advocates for equitable employment standards, policies, and programs. Website contains publications, fact sheets, and current news.

Women Work!
http://www.womenwork.org/
National Network is dedicated to empowering women from diverse backgrounds. With more than 1,000 education, training and employment programs across America, the organization provides information to public policy makers and advocate for policy changes. Resources include action alerts and publications.

Working Women's History Project
http://workingwomen.homestead.com/
Organization dedicated to promoting education on women, activism and unions in Chicago history. Includes information on programs, current events, and archives.

Asian Immigrant Women Advocates
http://aiwa.org/
A California based organization dedicated to empowering low-income, limited English speaking Asian immigrant women workers. Website includes information on their program areas of leadership, health and safety, and youth development. Also includes information on current campaigns, action alerts and publications.

Tradeswomen, Inc
http://www.tradeswomen.org/
A grassroots organization based in San Francisco Bay Area, which promotes and supports women in non-traditional blue collar jobs. Website includes information on mentoring program, magazine, current news, and job opportunities.

Communications Workers of America Women's Committee
http://cwa-union.org/issues/women/index.asp
CWA's National Women's Committee was founded to raise issues of special concern to women and to develop programs and strategies to make these issues a priority in the workplace, in the community, and in the union. Website contains information on important issues and current events.

United Food and Commercial Workers Union
http://www.ufcw.org/get_a_union/ufcw_works_for_you/
equal_pay/index.cfm

The UFCW represents workers in retail food, meatpacking, poultry, and other food processing industries. Page contains links to research reports, fact sheets on inequality and union advantage, and archival materials focused on women workers.

American Federation of State, Local and County Municipal Employees (AFSCME)
http://www.afscme.org/about/women.htm
The national union that represents government workers at the state, country, and city level. AFSCM's Women's Rights department focuses in three areas: encouraging women's leadership, activating women's political participation, and working on issues of particular concern to AFSCME's women members. Website contains resources on women's issues for union and individual use, including tips for the workplace and research on issues related to work and family, domestic violence, health, leadership, sexual harassment, and wages.

Center for the Childcare Workforce
http://www.ccw.org
The center's mission is to improve the quality of child care services by upgrading the wages, benefits, training opportunities and working conditions for child care teachers and family child care providers. Website contains information on current news, workforce initiatives, training programs, and extensive access to research reports.

Midwest School For Women Workers
http://www.uale.org/wss/wss.shtml
Sponsored by the United Association for Labor Education and the AFL-CIO, Union Women’s Summer Schools are held in the Midwest, the northeast, and the west.



 Extended Bibliography

History

Amott, Teresa L., and Julie Matthaei. 1991. Race, Gender and Work: A Multicultural Economic History of Women in the United States. Boston, South End Press.

Balser, Diane.1987. Sisterhood & Solidarity: Feminism and Labor in Modern Times. Boston: South End Press.

Benson, Susan Porter. 1986. Counter Cultures: Saleswomen, Managers, and Customers in American Department Stores, 1890-1940. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Blewett, Mary H. 1988. Men, Women, and Work: Class, Gender, and Protest in the New England Shoe Industry, 1780-1910. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Boris, Eileen. 1994. Home to Work: Motherhood and the Politics of Industrial Homework in the United States. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Boydston, Jeanne. 1990. Home and Work: Housework, Wages, and the Ideology of Labor in the Early Republic. New York: Oxford University Press.

Cameron, Ardis. 1993. Radicals of the Worst Sort: Laboring Women in Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1860-1912. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Chateauvert, Melinda. 1998. Marching Together: Women of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Chetkovich, Carol A. 1997. Real Heat: Gender and Race in the Urban Fire Service. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Clark, Claudia. 1997. Radium Girls: Women and Industrial Health Reform, 1910-1935. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.

Cobble, Dorothy Sue. 1991. Dishing It Out: Waitresses and Their Unions in the Twentieth Century. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

 Cooper, Patricia A. 1987. Once a Cigar Maker: Men, Women, and Work Culture in American Cigar Factories, 1900-1919. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Coyle, Laurie, Gail Hershatter, and Emily Honig. 1979. Women at Farah: An Unfinished Story. El Paso, Tex.: Reforma, El Paso Chapter.

Davies, Margery W. 1982. Woman's Place is at the Typewriter: Office Work and Office Workers, 1870-1930. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Davis, Angela Y. 1981. Women, Race, & Class. New York: Random House.

Dublin, Thomas. 1994. Transforming Women's Work: New England Lives in the Industrial Revolution. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Dye, Nancy Schrom. 1980. As Equals and as Sisters: Feminism, the Labor Movement, and the Women's Trade Union League of New York. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.

Enstad, Nan. 1999. Ladies of Labor, Girls of Adventure: Working Women, Popular Culture, and Labor Politics at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. New York: Columbia University Press.

Faue, Elizabeth. 1991. Community of Suffering & Struggle: Women, Men, and the Labor Movement in Minneapolis, 1915-1945. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Fine, Lisa M. 1990. The Souls of the Skyscraper: Female Clerical Workers in Chicago, 1870-1930. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Frank, Dana. 1994. Purchasing Power: Consumer Organizing, Gender, and the Seattle Labor Movement, 1919-1929. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Frank, Miriam, Marilyn Ziebarth, and Connie Field. 1982. The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter: The Story of Three Million Working Women During World War II. Emeryville, Calif.: Clarity Educational Productions.

Gabin, Nancy F. 1990. Feminism in the Labor Movement: Women and the United Auto Workers, 1935-1975. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Gamber, Wendy. 1997. The Female Economy: The Millinery and Dressmaking Trades, 1860-1930. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Glenn, Susan A. 1990. Daughters of the Shtetl: Life and Labor in the Immigrant Generation. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Green, Nancy L. 1997. Ready-to-Wear and Ready-to-Work: A Century of Industry and Immigrants in Paris and New York. Durham: Duke University Press.

Glick, Phyllis S. 1983. "Bridging Feminism and Trade Unionism: A Study of Working Women's Organizing in the United States." Ph.D. diss., Brandeis University.

Henson, Kevin D. 1996. Just a Temp. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Hoerr, John. 1997. We Can't Eat Prestige: The Women Who Organized Harvard. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Honey, Maureen. 1984. Creating Rosie the Riveter: Class, Gender, and Propaganda During World War II. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.

Hunter, Tera W. 1997. To 'Joy My Freedom: Southern Black Women's Lives and Labors After the Civil War. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Janiewski, Dolores E. 1985. Sisterhood Denied: Race, Gender, and Class in a New South Community. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Katzman, David M. 1981. Seven Days a Week: Women and Domestic Service in Industrializing America. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Kesselman, Amy. 1990. Fleeting Opportunities: Women Shipyard Workers in Portland and Vancouver during World War II and Reconversion. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Kibler, M. Alison. 1999. Rank Ladies: Gender and Cultural Hierarchy in American Vaudeville. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Kingsolver, Barbara. 1989. Holding the Line: Women in the Great Arizona Mine Strike of 1983. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.

Kornbluh, Joyce L., and Mary Frederickson, eds. 1984. Sisterhood and Solidarity: Workers' Education for Women, 1914-1984. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Levine, Susan. 1984. Labor's True Woman: Carpet Weavers, Industrialization, and Labor Reform in the Gilded Age. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Mann, Susan A. 1989. "Slavery, Sharecropping, and Sexual Inequality." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 14: 744-798.

McCreesh, Carolyn D. 1985. Women in the Campaign to Organize Garment Workers, 1880-1917. New York: Garland Pub.

Meyerowitz, Joanne J. 1988. Women Adrift: Independent Wage Earners in Chicago, 1880-1930. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Milkman, Ruth. 1987. Gender at Work: The Dynamics of Job Segregation by Sex During World War II. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Murolo, Priscilla. 1997. The Common Ground of Womanhood: Class, Gender, and Working Girls' Clubs, 1884-1928. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Murphy, Marjorie. 1990. Blackboard Unions: The AFT and the NEA, 1900-1980. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Murphy, Mary. 1997. Mining Cultures: Men, Women, and Leisure in Butte, 1914-41. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Nelson, Margaret K. 1990. Negotiated Care: The Experience of Family Day Care Providers. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Nielsen, Georgia Panter. 1982.  From Sky Girl to Flight Attendant: Women and the Making of a Union. Ithaca: ILR Press, Cornell University.

Norwood, Stephen H. 1990. Labor's Flaming Youth: Telephone Operators and Worker Militancy, 1878-1923. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Palmer, Phyllis M. 1989. Domesticity and Dirt: Housewives and Domestic Servants in the United States, 1920-1945. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 

Paules, Greta Foff. 1991. Dishing It Out: Power and Resistance among Waitresses in a New Jersey Restaurant. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Peiss, Kathy. 1986. Cheap Amusements: Working Women and Leisure in Turn-of-the-Century New York. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Rollins, Judith. 1985. Between Women: Domestics and Their Employers. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Romero, Mary. 1992. Maid in the U.S.A. New York: Routledge.

Sacks, Karen Brodkin. 1988. Caring by the Hour: Women, Work, and Organizing at Duke Medical Center. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Schleuning, Neala. 1994. Women, Community, and the Hormel Strike of 1985-86. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.

Sexton, Patricia Cayo, for the Coalition of Labor Union Women. 1982, The New Nightingales: Hospital Workers, Unions, New Women's Issues. New York: Enquiry Press.

Stadum, Beverly. 1992. Poor Women and Their Families: Hard Working Charity Cases, 1900-1930. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Stansell, Christine. 1987. City of Women: Sex and Class in New York, 1789-1860. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Strom, Sharon Hartman. 1992. Beyond the Typewriter: Gender, Class, and the Origins of Modern American Office Work, 1900-1930. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Tax, Meredith. 1980. The Rising of the Women: Feminist Solidarity and Class Conflict, 1880-1917. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Tentler, Leslie Woodcock. 1979. Wage-Earning Women: Industrial Work and Family Life in the United States, 1900-1930. New York: Oxford University Press.

Turbin, Carole. 1992. Working Women of Collar City: Gender, Class, and Community in Troy, New York, 1864-86. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Wells, David R. 1998. Consumerism and the Movement of Housewives into Wage Work: The Interaction of Patriarchy, Class, and Capitalism in Twentieth Century America. Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate Publishing.


Current Issues

Appelbaum, Eileen. 1993."New Technology and Work Organisation: The Role of Gender
Relations." Pink Collar Blues: Work, Gender and Technology. Eds. Belinda Probert and
Bruce W. Wilson. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press.

Attanucci, Jane. 1995. "Narratives of Women's Professions: Collaborative Tellings across Differences of Generation, Race, Culture and Religion." Qualitative Sociology 18.1: 97-104.

Barry Figueroa, Janis. 1991"A Comparison of Labor Supply Behavior among Single and
Married Puerto Rican Mothers." Hispanics in the Labor Force: Issues and Policies. Eds.
Edwin Melendez, Clara Rodriguez, and Janis Barry Figueroa. New York: Plenum Press.

Bener¡a, Lourdes, ed. 1982. Women and Development: The Sexual Division of Labor in Rural Societies. New York: Praeger.

Bener¡a, Lourdes, and Shelley Feldman. 1992.Unequal Burden: Economic Crises, Persistent Poverty, and Women's Work. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Bener¡a, Lourdes, and Gita Sen. 1986 "Accumulation, Reproduction, and Women's Role in Economic Development: Boserup Revisited." Women's Work: Development and the
Division of Labor by Gender
. Eds. Eleanor Leonor Leacock and Helen I. Safa. South
Hadley, Massachusetts: Bergin & Garvey. 141-157.

Burstein, Paul, ed. 1994. Equal Employment Opportunity: Labor Market Discrimination and Public Policy. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

Bullock, Susan. 1994. Women and Work. London; Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Zed Books.
 
 di Leonardo, Micaela. 1985. "Women's Work, Work Culture, and Consciousness." Feminist Studies 11: 491-495.

Dunleep, Harriet Orcutt, and Seth Sanders. 1994. "Empirical Regularities across Cultures: The Effect of Children on Woman's Work." (part of a special issue on Womens' Work, Wages, and Well-Being) The Journal of Human Resources 29: 328-347.

Edwards, Linda N and Elizabeth Field-Hendrey. 2002. “Home-Based Work and Women’s Labor Force Decisions.” Journal of Labor Economics.

Enloe, Cynthia,and Wendy Chapkis. 1983. Of Common Cloth: Women in the Global Textile Industry. Amsterdam and Washington, DC: Transnational Institute.

Etzion, Dalia, and Lotte Bailyn. 1994. “Patterns of Adjustment to the Career/Family Conflict of Technically Trained Women in the United States and Israel." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 24: 1520-1549.

Folbre, Nancy, Barbara Bergmann, Bina Agarwal, and Maria Floro, eds. 1992. Women's Work in the World Economy. New York: New York University Press.

Fuentes, Annette, and Barbara Ehrenreich. 1983.Women on the Global Assembly Line. Boston, Massachusetts: South End Press.

Glazer, Nona Y. 1993. Women’s Paid and Unpaid Labor: The Work Transfer in Health Care and Retailling.

Hanson, Susan, and Geraldine Pratt. 1990. "Geographic Perspectives on the Occupational
Segregation of Women." National Geographic Research 6: 376-399.

Hill, Dana Carol Davis, and Leann M. Tigges. 1995. "Gendering Welfare State Theory: A Cross-National Study of Women's Public Pension Quality." Gender & Society 9: 99-119.

Husbands, Robert. 1992. "Sexual Harassment Law in Employment: An International Perspective." International Labour Review 131.6: 535-559.
 
Mies, Maria. 1982."The Dynamics of the Sexual Division of Labor and Integration of Rural Women into the World Market." Women and Development: The Sexual Division of Labor in Rural Societies. Ed. Bener¡a Lourdes. New York: Praeger,

Newsom, Doug, and Radhika Parameswaran. 1995."The Value of Women's Work in The New World Order." Silent Voices. Ed. Doug A. Newson and Bob J. Carrell. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America,

Probert, Belinda, and Bruce W. Wilson, eds. 1993. Pink Collar Blues: Work, Gender and
Technology
. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press.

Rollins, Judith. 1985.Between Women: Domestics and Their Employers. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Romero, Mary. 1987. "Domestic Service in the Transition from Rural to Urban Life: The Case of La Chicana." Women's Studies 13: 199-222.

Romero, Mary. 1988. "Sisterhood and Domestic Service: Race, Class and Gender in the
Mistress-Maid Relationship." Humanity and Society 12: 318-346.

Romero, Mary. 1994."'I'm not your maid. I am the housekeeper.': The Restructuring of
Housework and Work Relationships in Domestic Service." Color, Class and Country:
Experiences of Gender
. Eds. Gay Young and Bette Dickerson. London: Zed Books.

Sacks, Karen, and Dorothy Remy, eds. 1984. My Troubles Are Going to Have Trouble with Me: Everyday Trials and Triumphs of Women Workers. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Scott, Alison MacEwen. 1995. "Informal Sector or Female Sector?: Gender Bias in Urban Labour Market Models." Male Bias in the Development Process. Ed. Diane Elson.
Manchester; New York: Manchester University Press; New York, NY: St. Martin's press.

Segura, Denise A. 1994. "Chicana in White Collar Occupations: Work and the Gendered
Construction of Race-Ethnicity." Color, Class and Country: Experiences of Gender. Eds.
Gay Young and Bette Dickerson. London: Zed Books.

Tuominen, Mary. 1994. "The Hidden Organization of Labor: Gender, Race/Ethnicity and Child-Care Work in the Formal and Informal Economy." Sociological Perspectives 37:
229-245.

Walkowitz, Daniel J. 1999. Working with Class: Social Workers and the Politics of Middle-Class Identity. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Ward, Kathryn, ed. 1990. Women Workers and Global Restructuring. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University.
 
Wekerle, Gerda R., and Brent Rutherford. 1989. "The Mobility of Capital and the Immobility of Female Labor: Responses to Economic Restructuring." The Power of Geography: How Territory Shapes Social Life. Ed. Jennifer Wolch and Michael Dear. Boston: Unwin Hyman.

 Zavella, Patricia. 1985. "'Abnormal Intimacy': The Varying Work Networks of Chicana Cannery Workers." Feminist Studies 11: 541-557.

Zeytinoglu, Isik Urla. 1994. "Part-Time and Other Nonstandard Forms of Employment: Why Are They Considered Appropriate for Women?" The Future of Industrial Relations:
Global Change and Challenges
. Eds. John Niland, Chrissie Verevis and Russell D.
Lansbury. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.




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