The U.S. minimum wage, $7.25 an hour, hasn’t been raised since 2009. But 29 states and the District of Columbia and at least 53 cities and counties have lifted their pay floors above the national mandate.

Compliance with the existing law could also pose an economic threat to the companies themselves: University of California, Berkeley researchers estimated that treating independent contractors as employees would have cost Uber and Lyft $400 million in unemployment insurance between 2014 and 2019.